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Native Testing Setup for MyStation

Overview​

This document describes the native testing setup that allows you to run unit tests for ESP32 code on your local development machine without requiring actual hardware.

Setup Components​

1. PlatformIO Configuration (platformio.ini)​

The [env:native] environment is configured to:

  • Use the native platform (runs on your local machine)
  • Override the Arduino framework to avoid ESP32 dependencies
  • Build only the specific source files needed for testing
  • Include mock headers from test/mocks/
[env:native]
platform = native
framework =                    # Override to prevent Arduino framework inheritance
lib_deps =                     # Override to prevent library dependencies
test_build_src = yes           # Enable building source files for tests
build_src_filter =
    -<*>                       # Exclude all files by default
    +<util/timing_manager.cpp> # Include only the file being tested
test_filter = test_timing_manager
build_flags =
    -std=c++11
    -Iinclude                  # Include production headers
    -Itest/mocks               # Include mock headers (takes precedence)
    -DNATIVE_TEST              # Define flag for conditional compilation
lib_compat_mode = off

2. Mock Files Structure​

All mock files are located in test/mocks/:

test/mocks/
├── Arduino.h              # Mock Arduino core
├── Preferences.h          # Mock ESP32 Preferences library
├── esp32_mocks.h          # Common ESP32 mocks (logging, String class)
├── esp_log.h              # Mock ESP logging
├── esp_sleep.h            # Mock ESP sleep functions
├── time_manager.h         # Mock TimeManager class
└── config_manager.cpp     # Mock ConfigManager implementation

3. Mock Implementations​

Arduino String Class (esp32_mocks.h)​

A mock String class that inherits from std::string and provides Arduino-compatible methods:

  • indexOf(char c)
  • substring(int start, int end)
  • toInt(), toFloat()
  • length(), c_str()

ESP32 Logging (esp32_mocks.h)​

Mock logging macros that output to stdout:

  • ESP_LOGI, ESP_LOGW, ESP_LOGE, ESP_LOGD, ESP_LOGV
  • RTC_DATA_ATTR (no-op for native)

Preferences Library (Preferences.h)​

A complete mock of ESP32's Preferences library using std::map for storage:

  • begin(), end(), clear()
  • Getters: getInt(), getFloat(), getString(), etc.
  • Setters: putInt(), putFloat(), putString(), etc.

ConfigManager (config_manager.cpp)​

A simplified mock implementation that:

  • Defines rtcConfig with default values
  • Implements all public methods
  • Uses #ifdef NATIVE_TEST to compile only for native tests

4. Conditional Compilation in Production Code​

The production code uses conditional compilation to switch between real and mock headers:

#ifdef NATIVE_TEST
#include "time_manager.h"      // Mock from test/mocks/
#include "esp_log.h"           // Mock from test/mocks/
#else
#include "util/time_manager.h" // Real header from include/
#include <esp_log.h>           // Real ESP-IDF header
#endif

5. Test Structure​

Tests are organized in test/test_timing_manager/:

test/test_timing_manager/
├── test_sleep_duration.cpp    # Test cases
└── mocks/
    └── config_manager.cpp     # Mock copied here for test build

Running Tests​

Run all native tests:​

pio test -e native

Run with verbose output:​

pio test -e native -v

Run with extra verbose output:​

pio test -e native -vvv

Test Output Example​

[INFO][TIMING_MGR] Calculating sleep duration - Display mode: 1, Current time: 1761773673
[INFO][TIMING_MGR] Last updates - Weather: 0 seconds, Departure: 0 seconds
[INFO][TIMING_MGR] Weather interval: 1 hours (3600 seconds), Next weather update: 1761773673
[INFO][TIMING_MGR] Only weather update needed at: 1761773673 seconds
[INFO][TIMING_MGR] Final sleep duration: 30 seconds (0 minutes)
test/test_timing_manager/test_sleep_duration.cpp:111:test_getNextSleepDurationSeconds_weather_only_mode:PASS

6 Tests 0 Failures 0 Ignored
OK

Key Benefits​

  1. Fast Testing: No need to flash firmware to hardware
  2. Easy Debugging: Use standard C++ debugging tools
  3. CI/CD Ready: Can run in automated build pipelines
  4. Isolation: Test business logic without hardware dependencies
  5. No Code Changes: Production code remains clean with minimal conditional compilation

Adding New Tests​

To add tests for a new module:

  1. Create a new test directory: test/test_<module_name>/
  2. Create test file: test_<feature>.cpp
  3. Add required mocks to test/mocks/ if needed
  4. Update platformio.ini build_src_filter to include the source file
  5. Run tests with pio test -e native -v

Troubleshooting​

"Undefined symbols for architecture"​

  • Check that source files are included in build_src_filter
  • Verify mock implementations exist for all dependencies

"file not found" errors​

  • Ensure mock headers are in test/mocks/
  • Check that -Itest/mocks is in build_flags
  • Verify conditional includes in source files

Framework inheritance issues​

  • Make sure framework = is explicitly set in [env:native]
  • Set lib_deps = to override inherited dependencies

Future Improvements​

  • Add more comprehensive test cases
  • Mock additional ESP32 libraries as needed
  • Add integration with CI/CD pipeline
  • Add code coverage reporting